La Capucine is a perennial or annual plant prized for its colorful flowers and decorative foliage. Very easy to grow, it adapts to different soil types and exposures. Whether for the seedling, The planting or cuttingsKnowing the best practices helps promote healthy growth and abundant flowering. climbing nasturtiums et dwarf nasturtiums They offer a variety of options for gardens, balconies, or pots. This article guides you step by step, from choosing the variety to post-harvest care, to successfully grow your nasturtiums.
Table of contents
Choice of Nasturtium variety
Varieties suitable for cultivation in France
To successfully grow nasturtiums, it is essential to select a variety adapted to the French climate and soil. Dwarf nasturtiums, such as A larger trophy Varieties Tom Thumb or Jewel Mix, are perfectly suited to flowerbeds and borders. Climbing nasturtiums, such as A larger trophy Alaska or Empress of India, are ideal for covering trellises, fences or pergolas, thanks to their stems which can reach 2 to 3 m. The choice will depend on the available space and the desired decorative role in the garden.
Selection criteria based on space and exposure
When choosing a nasturtium, you should also consider the exposure and planting area. Dwarf varieties thrive best in full sun or partial shade, with 20 to 25 cm between each plant. Climbing varieties need more space and a sturdy support to grow, while also benefiting from a sunny location to encourage abundant flowering. These factors influence vigor, flowering time, and ease of care throughout the season.
Flower colors and shapes
The colors and shapes of the flowers are another determining factor in choosing a nasturtium. The flowers can be single or double, with shades ranging from yellow to bright red, sometimes even two-toned. Dwarf varieties often offer more compact blooms, while climbing varieties produce long, colorful clusters that attract pollinators and bugs useful. The variety chosen should correspond to the desired visual effect in the garden or on balconies.
Where to plant the Nasturtium
Ideal exposure and brightness
Nasturtiums thrive best in full sun, although they tolerate light partial shade, especially in very hot climates. A sunny location promotes more abundant flowering and more vibrant colors. Avoid areas that are constantly shaded, as this will slow growth and reduce flower production.
Choosing the location according to the type of Capucine
For dwarf varieties, plant them in beds, borders, or containers with a spacing of 20 to 25 cm. Climbing varieties require support such as a trellis, fence, or pergola, and a spacing of 30 to 40 cm between plants to allow the stems to spread freely. An open location ensures good air circulation and reduces the risk of disease.
Possible associations with other plants
Nasturtiums can be associated with companion plants that repel certain insects, such as Ocimum basilicum ou tagetesIt also pairs well with flowers of contrasting colors to create decorative displays. The combination should respect each plant's light and soil requirements to avoid excessive competition and promote harmonious growth.
Soil preparation for the Nasturtium
Recommended soil type
Nasturtiums prefer light, well-drained, and fertile soil that retains some moisture without becoming waterlogged. Heavy clay soils should be lightened with sand or compost to improve drainage. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6,0 to 7,5) promotes root development and flowering.
Specific amendments and enhancements
Before planting, it is advisable to incorporate mature compost or well-rotted manure at a rate of 3 to 5 kg/m² to enrich the soil. Adding a little bone meal or horn meal can stimulate root growth and flowering. Avoid fertilizers too high in nitrogen, as they promote foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
Preparation techniques before planting or sowing
Dig the soil to a depth of 20 to 25 cm to aerate it and remove weeds. Loosen and level the surface before marking out the sowing or planting rows. Light watering after preparation helps stabilize the soil and promotes better seed germination or quick plant establishment.
Sowing, planting and propagating nasturtiums
Sowing in open ground or in pots
Nasturtium seeds are generally sown in spring, when temperatures are above 12-15°C. The seeds, which are quite large, should be sown 1 to 2 cm deep in slightly moist soil, spaced 20 to 25 cm apart for dwarf varieties and 30 to 40 cm apart for climbing varieties. It is also possible to sow in pots indoors, for later transplanting after germination, which protects the young plants from late frosts.
Planting or transplanting seedlings
Seedlings grown from pots should be transplanted when they have 3 to 4 true leaves. Dig a hole slightly wider than the root ball and place the seedling in the hole, taking care not to bury the crown. Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil moist for the first few weeks to encourage root development.
Nasturtium cuttings and propagation
Cuttings allow for the rapid propagation of certain varieties, especially climbing plants. Take semi-woody stems 10 to 15 cm long, remove the lower leaves, and plant them in a light mixture of potting soil and sand. Keep the substrate moist and place the cuttings in partial shade until roots appear, which usually takes 3 to 4 weeks.
Capucine Maintenance
Watering and fertilization
Nasturtiums need regular watering, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil slightly moist without overwatering. Dwarf varieties require less water than climbing varieties, whose long stems promote greater evaporation. A light application of balanced fertilizer every 3 to 4 weeks can support growth and flowering, but avoid over-fertilizing, which would overstimulate foliage at the expense of flowers.
Regular pruning and maintenance
To encourage continuous flowering, it is recommended to remove faded flowers and damaged stems. Climbing varieties may require regular training to guide the stems and prevent them from becoming tangled. This light pruning also prevents the development of diseases and promotes better air circulation around the plant.
Support for climbing varieties
Climbing nasturtiums need sturdy support to thrive. Trellises, pergolas, stakes, or fences help to support the stems and maximize the flowering area. Regular staking prevents contact with the soil, reducing the risk of rot and simplifying overall plant care.
Prevention and treatment of Nasturtium diseases
Common illnesses and signs to watch for
Nasturtiums can be affected by downy mildew, powdery mildew, and gray mold, especially in poorly drained soils or during wet weather. Symptoms include powdery white spots on the leaves, yellow or brown discoloration, and general wilting of the stems. Regular observation allows for early detection of the first signs and intervention before the disease spreads.
Natural prevention and good practices
To limit the occurrence of diseases, plant in well-drained soil and ensure good air circulation between plants. Avoid overhead watering and water at the base of the plant instead. Crop rotation and removing plant debris after flowering also reduce the risk of infection.
Suitable treatments without harsh chemicals
In case of infection, remove and destroy the affected parts to prevent the spread. The use of Bordeaux mixture Sulfur-based solutions can be used to control certain fungal diseases naturally. Maintaining healthy growing conditions remains the most effective way to protect nasturtiums in the long term.
Controlling Nasturtium Pests
Common insects and parasites
Nasturtiums can be attacked by aphids, flea beetles, and caterpillars, which feed on the leaves, stems, or flowers. Aphids cause leaves to curl and produce a sticky deposit called honeydew. Flea beetles bore small holes in the foliage, while caterpillars can devour large parts of the plant.
Prevention and control methods
To limit infestations, space plants well apart to promote air circulation. Regular but moderate watering helps keep plants vigorous and less susceptible to attacks. Daily monitoring and manual removal of insects at the first sign of infestation effectively control populations.
Protective and repellent associations
Some companion plants, such as Ocimum basilicum ou tagetesNasturtiums can naturally repel certain pests. Planting them near vegetables susceptible to aphids can also act as a refuge plant, diverting insects away from the main crops. These organic methods reduce the need for insecticides and promote an ecological balance in the garden.
Harvesting and preserving nasturtiums
Ideal time to harvest seeds or flowers
Nasturtium seeds are harvested when the seed pods are completely dry and beginning to turn brown, usually at the end of summer. For decorative flowers, it is best to pick them in the morning when the petals are still fresh and vibrant. Regularly removing faded flowers encourages continuous blooming.
Seed and plant preservation techniques
The seeds should be extracted from the pods, cleaned, and air-dried for a few days before storage. Keep them in a cool, dry place, in paper bags or airtight containers, to maintain their viability until the following spring. The plants can be divided or propagated by cuttings before winter to extend their lifespan.
Storage and preparation for the next season
To prepare for the next season, sort the seeds and discard any that are damaged or too light. Clearly labeling the varieties makes replanting and crop monitoring easier. The soil can be amended with compost to enrich it and ensure good germination for the following year's seedlings or plantings.
Post-harvest care of the Nasturtium
Cleaning and pruning after flowering
After flowering, it's important to remove faded stems and damaged leaves to limit the spread of disease and prepare the plant for dormancy. This light pruning also promotes air circulation around the roots and soil, which helps prevent fungal infections. Plant debris can be composted or removed from the garden depending on its condition.
Preparing the soil for the next cycle
The soil should be loosened to a depth of 15 to 20 cm and enriched with compost or well-rotted manure to provide the necessary nutrients for the next sowing. A light mulch can be applied to protect the soil during the winter and limit weed regrowth. This preparation ensures optimal establishment of the nasturtiums in the spring.
Management of plant waste and composting
Any remaining leaves and stems can be added to the compost if they show no signs of disease or infestation. Contaminated parts should be removed to prevent the spread of fungi or pests. Thorough post-harvest care contributes to a healthier garden and a more successful nasturtium crop the following year.
Conclusion
Growing nasturtiums brings color and vibrancy to all types of gardens, balconies, or flowerbeds. By choosing the right variety, preparing the soil properly, and following the sowing, planting, and care steps, you can achieve abundant and long-lasting blooms. Disease prevention, pest control, and careful harvesting ensure plant health and seed quality. Finally, rigorous post-harvest care prepares the soil and plants for the following season, guaranteeing a successful and harmonious growing cycle year after year.
FAQ
When to sow nasturtiums for optimal flowering?
Sowing is generally done in spring, when temperatures exceed 12-15°C. Seeds can be sown directly in the ground or in pots for later transplanting. Regular watering and well-drained soil promote rapid and even germination.
Which exposure is best suited to the Capucine?
It prefers full sun but tolerates light partial shade, especially in warmer climates. Good light stimulates flowering and intensifies flower colors. It is recommended to avoid areas that are constantly shaded, as this slows growth.
How to care for the Capucine during the season?
The plants should be watered regularly but not excessively to keep the soil slightly moist. Removing faded flowers and damaged stems encourages continuous blooming. Climbing varieties benefit from trellising to guide the stems and improve air circulation.
What are the main pests of the Nasturtium?
Aphids, flea beetles, and caterpillars are the most common insects. Regular monitoring allows for early detection and control of infestations. Association with certain plants such as Ocimum basilicum ou tagetes can naturally repel certain parasites.
How to store nasturtium seeds for the following season?
The capsules should be harvested when they are completely dry and brown. The seeds should be cleaned and air-dried before storage. They should be kept in a cool, dry place, in paper bags or airtight containers.
